Smith et al. (2002) compared the grades of students enrolled in classes that started at either 8 am or those that began later, as a function of whether the students self-reported being an 'early bird' (someone who typically feels best earlier in the day) or 'night owl' (i.e. someone who typically feels best later in the day). What did they find?

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Smith et al. (2002) found that students' performance in classes was influenced by their circadian preferences. Night owls performed better in classes that started later, while early birds excelled in classes that began at 8 am, aligning with their natural energy peaks.

Smith Et Al