The initial stage of dark adaptation curve (e.g., the first 5 minutes) is controlled by the _____________, whereas the second or later part of the darkness adaptation curve (e.g., after 5 minutes) is determined specifically by the functioning of the _____________.

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The initial stage of dark adaptation involves the cones adapting to darkness, which happens relatively quickly within the first 5 minutes. The later part of dark adaptation, which occurs after this initial phase, is controlled by the rods, which are more sensitive to low light levels but take longer to fully adapt.

The Initial Stage of Dark Adaptation Curve (E