Efficacy studies examine how well psychotherapy works in _____, whereas effectiveness studies examine how well psychotherapy works in _____.

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Efficacy studies focus on the outcomes of psychotherapy in controlled, often clinical, settings to ensure the internal validity of the findings. Effectiveness studies, on the other hand, assess how well psychotherapy works in real-world settings, where conditions are less controlled and more variable, to ensure the findings are externally valid and applicable to everyday practice.

Efficacy Studies Examine How Well Psychotherapy Works in _____, Whereas