The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland contains the axons and axon terminals of roughly 50,000 hypothalamic neurons whose cell bodies are either in the supra-optic or paraventricular nuclei.

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This statement is true. The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland receives axons and axon terminals from hypothalamic neurons, specifically from the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei. This allows for the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream, controlled by the hypothalamus.

The Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland Contains the Axons