Reciprocal altruism requires that animals remember which individuals have and have not shared.

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Reciprocal altruism is a behavior whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time. This concept relies on the ability of animals to remember past interactions to distinguish between those who have previously cooperated (shared) and those who have not, ensuring that altruistic acts are eventually reciprocated.

Reciprocal Altruism Requires That Animals Remember Which Individuals Have and Have