Which of the following represent character states observed in the outgroup?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In phylogenetic analysis, the outgroup is a species or group of species used as a reference point for understanding the evolutionary relationships within the ingroup (the primary group of species being studied). The outgroup is chosen because it is closely related to, but not part of, the ingroup. The traits observed in the outgroup are considered ancestral traits because they represent the state of traits before the evolutionary changes that led to the derived traits seen in the ingroup. Ancestral traits are those that were present in the common ancestor of both the ingroup and outgroup, thus providing a baseline for identifying evolutionary changes.

Which of the Following Represent Character States Observed in the Outgroup