Recall the bio-psycho-social model of illness. In the past, autism was generally explained with respect to the _________ component of the model. Today, autism is considered mainly a __________ disorder.

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Historically, autism was often misunderstood and sometimes attributed to social or psychological factors, including the debunked theory of "refrigerator mothers." Today, it is recognized primarily as a biological disorder, with research focusing on genetic, neurological, and environmental factors that contribute to its development.

Recall the Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Illness