In the case of Illinois v.Gates,the Supreme Court established the ________ test for evaluating whether information provided by an informant may be the basis for issuing a warrant.

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In Illinois v. Gates (1983), the Supreme Court established the "totality of the circumstances" test as the standard for evaluating whether information provided by an informant is sufficient to justify the issuance of a warrant. This replaced the earlier "two-pronged" test from Aguilar v. Texas and Spinelli v. United States, focusing on an informant's reliability and the basis of their knowledge.

In the Case of Illinois V