According to the Cumulative-Deficit Hypothesis, How Do Impoverished Environments Affect

According to the cumulative-deficit hypothesis, how do impoverished environments affect intellectual growth?

A) They inhibit intellectual growth, but the effects do not accumulate over time.
B) They neither inhibit nor foster intellectual growth.
C) They inhibit intellectual growth, and these inhibiting effects accumulate over time.
D) They foster intellectual growth because of the many challenges presented by those situations.