The decision to include the presence of "a mental disease or defect" in determining an accused person's responsibility for a crime was part of a Supreme Court ruling known as .

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The Durham v. United States ruling, also known as the "Durham Rule," established that an accused person cannot be held responsible for a criminal act if they were suffering from a mental disease or defect at the time the crime was committed. This standard was later replaced in most jurisdictions by the "insanity defense," which has more stringent requirements for proving a defendant's lack of responsibility due to mental illness. Option A) O'Connor v. Donaldson relates to involuntary commitment, B) Addington v. Texas addresses civil commitment of individuals with mental illness, and D) M'Naghten v. Tory set forth the earliest common law standard for the insanity defense.

The Decision to Include the Presence of "A Mental Disease