Question 1

Based on Hippocrates' humoral theory, 'sanguine' describes a person who is

Accepted Answer

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, a sanguine person has an excess of the blood humor, which was believed to make them cheerful, optimistic, and outgoing.

Question 2

Induced vomiting was a seventeenth-century treatment for depression.As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), this could be accomplished in part by eating

Accepted Answer

Tobacco was used in the seventeenth century as an emetic to induce vomiting, which was believed to help treat depression, as described in "Anatomy of Melancholy" by Robert Burton.

Question 3

The first significant supporting evidence for a biological cause of a mental disorder was the nineteenth-century discovery that the psychotic disorder called general paresis was caused by the same bacterial microorganism that causes

Accepted Answer

General paresis was found to be caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is also responsible for syphilis. This discovery was significant in linking biological causes to mental disorders.

Question 4

Bloodletting, a treatment devised centuries ago to restore the balance of humours, was accomplished with the use of

Accepted Answer

Leeches were commonly used in bloodletting to draw blood from patients as part of the practice to balance bodily humours.

Question 5

In an attempt to rid the body of the excessive humours thought to be causing psychological disorders, physicians throughout history have used treatments such as

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an attempt to rid the body...

Question 6

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, the 'choleric' personality is

Accepted Answer

According to Hippocrates' humoral theory, individuals with a choleric temperament were believed to have an excess of yellow bile, leading to traits such as hot-headedness, irritability, and impatience.

Question 7

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from 'hysteria' might be told that her condition could be cured by

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from...

Question 8

You are listening to old songs, including 'My Melancholy Baby'.Your friends are impressed when you tell them that 'melancholic', referring to a depressive personality, derives from a Greek word meaning

Accepted Answer

The term 'melancholic' comes from the Greek word 'melaina chole', which means 'black bile'. In ancient Greek medicine, it was believed that an excess of black bile in the body caused a melancholic or depressive temperament.

Question 9

One hot and humid night, one of your friends suggests doing some really crazy things.You look up at the sky and say, 'It must be the full moon.' Your statement reflects the concept from which the word ________ is derived.

Accepted Answer

The word "lunatic" is derived from the Latin word "luna" which means moon. It was believed that the full moon could cause temporary insanity in individuals, hence the term "lunatic" was coined to refer to someone who was mentally unstable.

Question 10

In the nineteenth century, John Grey, a well known American psychiatrist, believed that mental illness was due to

Accepted Answer

John Grey believed that mental illness was due to physical causes and advocated for the treatment of mental disorders as physical illnesses.

Question 11

In the late nineteenth century, John P.Grey and his colleagues

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the late nineteenth century, John P.Grey...

Question 12

The term 'hysteria' derives from the Greek hysteron, which means

Accepted Answer

The term 'hysteria' derives from the Greek hysteron, which literally means 'uterus'. In ancient Greek medicine, it was believed that the uterus was a mobile and autonomous organ that could travel within a woman's body and cause various physical and emotional disturbances. The term hysteria was initially used to describe a collection of symptoms that were believed to arise from this wandering uterus, including anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and even seizures. Although modern medicine has abandoned this theory, the term hysteria continues to be used to describe a range of psychological and emotional conditions.

Question 13

Sigmund Freud proposed that many physical complaints suffered by young women

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that physical symptoms in young women, such as hysteria, were due to the conversion of repressed sexual desires into physical symptoms, a process he termed "conversion."

Question 14

In ancient Greece, some 'humoral excesses' thought to be causing psychological disorders were treated by

Accepted Answer

In ancient Greece, it was believed that psychological disorders were caused by imbalance of the humors (bodily fluids). These imbalances were thought to be affected by exposure to different environmental factors like heat, dryness, moisture, or cold. Therefore, treatment involved either increasing or decreasing exposure to these elements to restore balance in the humors.

Question 15

The traditional tendency to stigmatise women as 'hysterical' derived from Hippocrates' concept of

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates' concept of the 'wandering womb' suggested that a displaced uterus could cause various psychological and physical symptoms, leading to the stigmatization of women as 'hysterical'.

Question 16

The concept of hysteria, which traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found, is now associated with which DSM-5 classification?

Accepted Answer

Hysteria is now understood in terms of somatic symptom disorder in DSM-5, which involves physical symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment without a clear medical cause.

Question 17

The authors describe an example of conditioning in which cancer patients develop a negative reaction to a variety of people and things associated with their chemotherapy treatments.The phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The authors describe an example of conditioning...

Question 18

In the 1950s, the first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way.Before that time, all of the following were used to treat psychosis EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptics, also known as antipsychotics, were developed in the 1950s as the first effective drugs for treating severe psychotic disorders, so they were not used before that time.

Question 19

DSM-5, an updated version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in

Accepted Answer

DSM-5 was published in 2013.

Question 20

Research about psychological disorders falls into three basic categories.Which is NOT one of these categories?

Accepted Answer

Analysis is not one of the basic categories; the main categories are description, causation, and treatment and outcomes.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context