An Important Reason That Federal Courts Follow Precedent Is That

An important reason that federal courts follow precedent is that

A) lower court judges have less expertise than members of the Supreme Court.
B) the Fourteenth Amendment requires that they follow precedent to avoid conflict with state courts.
C) the practice of stare decisis makes judicial decision making chaotic.
D) appellate courts are less likely to agree among themselves if the standards of decision making are too rigid.
E) equal justice requires similar cases to be decided the same way.