Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Question

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Mechanical vector transmission refers to the passive transport of pathogens by an insect or other animal. The pathogen does not undergo any lifecycle changes within the vector. In the case of a cockroach transmitting Shigella, the cockroach can carry the pathogen on its body from feces or other contaminated sources to food or surfaces that humans then touch or consume, leading to infection. This is different from biological transmission, where the pathogen undergoes a lifecycle change within the vector, as seen in the other options.

Which of the Following Is Considered a Mechanical Vector Transmission