In the study by Malone and Kirkpatrick on brake-light configurations and the incidence of rear?end collisions, the independent variable(s) was/were

Question

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The independent variable in a study is the variable that is manipulated or changed by the researchers to observe its effects on the dependent variable. In the study by Malone and Kirkpatrick on brake-light configurations and the incidence of rear-end collisions, the variable that was manipulated to see its effect on the incidence of rear-end collisions (the dependent variable) was the type of light mounting.

In the Study by Malone and Kirkpatrick on Brake-Light Configurations