In her groundbreaking research, Kivnick (1982, 1985) identified ____ dimensions of meaning that grandparents often assign to their roles.

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Kivnick's research identified five dimensions of meaning that grandparents often assign to their roles: (1) the identity function, in which grandparents reinforce the family identity and connect family members to its history and culture; (2) the generative function, in which grandparents transmit values, beliefs, and skills to future generations; (3) the altruistic function, in which grandparents provide emotional and practical support to family members in times of need; (4) the surrogate parent function, in which grandparents assume primary responsibility for care and upbringing of grandchildren when parents are unable to do so; and (5) the buddy function, in which grandparents act as friends and playmates to their grandchildren.

In Her Groundbreaking Research, Kivnick (1982, 1985) Identified ____ Dimensions