When subjects in research studies are told about the potential risks and are free to decline participation, it is called:

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Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission from participants in a research study after informing them of the potential risks and benefits. Participants must be fully informed about the study and have the freedom to decline participation. This is an ethical requirement for conducting research with human subjects. Freedom of choice is included in informed consent but is not the full concept. Parens patriae refers to the legal concept of the state as the ultimate protector of children and mentally ill individuals. Mens rea refers to the mental state of a person while committing a crime.

When Subjects in Research Studies Are Told About the Potential