The most important factor that determines the extent to which haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen is the blood PO₂.

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The oxygen saturation of haemoglobin is primarily determined by the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (blood PO₂). This relationship is described by the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve, which shows how haemoglobin binds and releases oxygen in response to changes in PO₂. Other factors, such as blood pH and temperature, can also affect the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen, but these are secondary to the influence of PO₂.

The Most Important Factor That Determines the Extent to Which