Question 1

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed?
A) The volume of the ICF will decrease.
B) The volume of the ECF will decrease.
C) The ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF.
D) Osmolarities of the ICF and ECF will drop.

Accepted Answer

When large amounts of pure water are consumed, the osmolarities of both the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) will drop as the water dilutes the solutes in these compartments.

Question 2

Which statement is correct concerning transcellular fluid?
A) It is the sum of fluid within all of the cells.
B) It consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes, all of which are secreted by specific cells into a particular body cavity to perform a specialized function.
C) It plays a crucial role in fluid balance.
D) It includes the lymph.

Accepted Answer

Transcellular fluid refers to the small volumes of fluid that are secreted by specific cells into body cavities, such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and digestive juices, to perform specialized functions.

Question 3

What is the primary anion of the ECF?
A) bicarbonate
B) chloride
C) sodium ion
D) potassium ion

Accepted Answer

Chloride is the primary anion of the ECF. It is present in higher concentrations than bicarbonate and potassium ions, and it is the most abundant negatively charged ion in the ECF. Sodium ions are not considered anions, as they are positively charged.

Question 4

What is variation in percentage of body water among individuals primarily due to? __________
A) differences in amount of adipose tissue
B) differences in total muscle mass
C) differences in vasopressin secretion
D) differences in drinking habits

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue contains less water than muscle tissue, so individuals with more adipose tissue will have a lower percentage of body water.

Answer: B 
 Muscle tissue contains more water than adipose tissue, so individuals with more muscle mass will have a higher percentage of body water.

Answer: C 
 Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys and can affect the body's water balance, but it is not the primary factor in variation of percentage of body water among individuals.

Answer: D 
 Drinking habits can affect the body's water balance, but they are not the primary factor in variation of percentage of body water among individuals.

Question 5

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?
A) to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity
B) to maintain adequate urine formation
C) to maintain proper blood pressure
D) to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking

Accepted Answer

The primary reason for closely regulating extracellular fluid volume is to maintain proper blood pressure. Changes in extracellular fluid volume affect blood volume and therefore, blood pressure. If blood pressure is too high, it can damage blood vessels and organs such as the heart, and if it is too low, it can lead to inadequate perfusion of vital organs. Regulating extracellular fluid volume helps to maintain blood pressure within an appropriate range. While preventing changes in ICF osmolarity and preventing cells from swelling or shrinking are important considerations, they are not the primary reason for regulating extracellular fluid volume. Maintaining adequate urine formation is also important but is not the primary reason for regulation of extracellular fluid volume.

Question 6

What is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?
A) calcium ion
B) chloride
C) potassium ion
D) sodium ion

Accepted Answer

Sodium ion is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid. It helps control the amount of water in and around your cells, plays a role in muscle and nerve function, and helps maintain blood pressure.

Question 7

The primary ECF cation is _____,and the primary ICF cation is _____. A) K⁺, Na⁺ B) K⁺, Ca²⁺ C) Ca²⁺, Na⁺ D) Na⁺, K⁺

Accepted Answer

The primary extracellular fluid (ECF) cation is sodium (Na+), while the primary intracellular fluid (ICF) cation is potassium (K+). Therefore, option D is the correct choice as it includes Na+ as the primary ECF cation and K+ as the primary ICF cation. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not have the correct pairing of Na+ and K+ as the primary cations for the ECF and ICF, respectively.

Question 8

Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm?
A) calcium ion
B) chloride
C) phosphate
D) potassium ion

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions (K+) have the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm of cells, typically ranging from 140 to 160 millimolar (mM). This is due to the fact that K+ channels are present in the cell membrane and actively pump K+ into the cell, while also preventing other ions from entering. Other ions, such as calcium, chloride, and phosphate, are also present in the cytoplasm, but at much lower concentrations compared to K+.

Question 9

Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?
A) blood
B) skeleton
C) muscle
D) adipose

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue, or body fat, contains the lowest percentage of water compared to other tissues listed. Blood, muscle, and the skeleton have higher water content. Adipose tissue is primarily composed of fat cells, which store energy as fat and therefore contain less water.

Question 10

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment?"
A) synovial fluids
B) plasma
C) interstitial fluids
D) intracellular fluids

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluids occupy approximately 2/3 of the total body water, making it the largest compartment. Synovial fluids are found in joints, plasma is the liquid component of blood, and interstitial fluids are found in the spaces between cells.

Question 11

Which statement is NOT true concerning extracellular fluid?
A) It includes plasma.
B) It includes interstitial fluid.
C) It constitutes a greater percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid constitutes a lesser percentage of total body water than intracellular fluid. The correct statement is that extracellular fluid includes plasma and interstitial fluid.

Question 12

What is the barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid?
A) the blood vessel walls
B) the plasma membrane
C) transports materials between these two fluid compartments by both passive and active means
D) the transcellular membrane

Accepted Answer

The blood vessel walls act as the barrier between the plasma (the liquid component of blood) and the interstitial fluid (the fluid surrounding tissue cells).

Question 13

Which of following is the transcellular fluid that serves as a shock absorber in the joints?
A) Intraocular
B) Pericardial
C) Peritoneal
D) Synovial

Accepted Answer

Synovial fluid is found in the joints and acts as a lubricant and shock absorber. Intraocular fluid is found in the eyes, pericardial fluid surrounds the heart, and peritoneal fluid surrounds the organs in the abdominal cavity.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true concerning interstitial fluid?
A) It is the largest component of the extracellular fluid.
B) It is the true internal environment of the body.
C) It represents a larger percentage of total body weight than does intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

Intracellular fluid represents a larger percentage of total body weight than does interstitial fluid.

Question 15

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?
A) It would cause decreased ECF volume.
B) It would decrease the osmolarity of the ECF.
C) It would inhibit the hypothalamic osmoreceptors.
D) It would stimulate the hypothalamic osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

Eating a very salty snack would stimulate the hypothalamic osmoreceptors, which would send signals to the brain to trigger thirst and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. This is the body's way of trying to restore the balance of salt and water in the body.

Question 16

What happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?
A) Both ECF and ICF become more dilute.
B) Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.
C) The osmolarity of the ECF drops.
D) There is an increase in the volume of the ICF.

Accepted Answer

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF increases, causing water to move from the ICF to the ECF by osmosis to balance the concentration.

Question 17

Which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight? A) protein B) H₂O C) Na⁺ D) carbohydrate

Accepted Answer

The chemical formula H₂O represents water, which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight. The human body is about 60% water. While proteins, sodium, potassium, and carbohydrates are essential components of the body, they do not make up the majority of body weight.

Question 18

What exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output?
A) positive balance
B) negative balance
C) stable balance
D) state of equilibrium

Accepted Answer

A stable balance exists when the total body input of a substance equals its total body output, meaning there is no net gain or loss of the substance in the body.

Question 19

The ICF contains about how much of the total water of the body?
A) 1/10
B) ¼
C) ½
D) 2/3

Accepted Answer

The ICF (Intracellular Fluid) contains approximately 2/3 of the total body water, while the ECF (Extracellular Fluid) contains the remaining 1/3. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct proportion of water in the ICF.

Question 20

What is the major source of water loss from the body?
A) insensible respiratory loss
B) insensible skin loss
C) sweat
D) urine

Accepted Answer

Urine is the major source of water loss from the body, as the kidneys filter blood and produce urine to excrete waste products along with significant amounts of water.

Quiz 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed?

Which statement is correct concerning transcellular fluid?

What is the primary anion of the ECF?

What is variation in percentage of body water among individuals primarily due to? __________

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated?

What is the primary electrolyte in the extracellular fluid?

The primary ECF cation is _,and the primary ICF cation is _.

Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm?

Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment?"

Which statement is NOT true concerning extracellular fluid?

What is the barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid?

Which of following is the transcellular fluid that serves as a shock absorber in the joints?

Which statement is NOT true concerning interstitial fluid?

Why would eating a very salty snack make you thirsty?

What happens when water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained?

Which constitutes the largest percentage of body weight?

What exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output?

The ICF contains about how much of the total water of the body?

What is the major source of water loss from the body?