In NAACP V

In NAACP v. North Hudson Regional Fire & Rescue , the NAACP sued the North Hudson fire department for disparate impact discrimination because the fire department required that potential firefighters live in North Hudson. In North Hudson, only 3% of the population was African-American, while in the Tri-county area, 37.4% of protective services workers were African-American.  North Hudson claimed that residency was a business necessity.  The court ruled: ​

A) for the NAACP, because there were less discriminatory means of achieving the fire department's goals
B) for the NAACP, because  the fire department intentionally discriminated based on race
C) for the North Hudson Fire Department, because it was reasonable to require firefighters to live in the city so that they were familiar with streets and buildings
D) for the North Hudson Fire Department, because the NAACP had not proved a prima facie case of discrimination