Dr. Jones examined people with and without depression and found that people with depression had more stressful life events. However, the data were later discarded because the investigator found that people with depression simply remembered more stressful life events than people without depression. This example shows the problem of ____ in experiments.

Question

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This example illustrates the problem of confounds, where the observed effect (more stressful life events in people with depression) is influenced by an extraneous variable (memory bias), rather than a direct causal relationship.

Dr Jones Examined People with and Without Depression and Found