Nerve cells (neurons) have four basic structures:

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The four basic structures of nerve cells (neurons) are dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, and terminal buttons (synaptic knobs). Glia are not structures of neurons, but rather support cells in the nervous system. Neurotransmitters are chemicals released by neurons to communicate with other neurons or muscles. Membrane and electrolyte/ion are important components of neurons, but not specific structures.

Nerve Cells (Neurons) Have Four Basic Structures