By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African American community had shifted to

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The Great Migration of African Americans from the South to northern cities (such as Chicago, Detroit, and New York) during the early to mid-20th century had already begun before World War II. During the war, many African Americans left rural areas to work in war industries in cities, accelerating this shift. By the end of the war, the heart of the African American community was firmly established in northern cities.

By the End of World War II, the Heart of the United