One Reason for the Extremely High Voter Turnouts and Partisan

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

A) the parties' sharp differences over economic issues.
B) sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.
C) religious battles between Catholics and Lutherans.
D) differences over the issue of the civil service.
E) sectional tensions between the Northeast and Midwest.