At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with

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Southern whites used all of these methods to disenfranchise African Americans. Literacy requirements and poll taxes were imposed as ways to prevent African Americans, who were disproportionately poor and uneducated due to years of slavery, from voting. Economic intimidation, such as the threat of job loss or physical violence, was used to deter African Americans from attempting to vote. Grandfather clauses allowed white voters who could not pass a literacy test or pay a poll tax to bypass those requirements if their grandfathers had been eligible to vote, thus excluding African Americans whose grandparents were likely slaves and therefore ineligible to vote.

At the End of Reconstruction, Southern Whites Disenfranchised African Americans