Which of the Following Do the Authors Identify as Prosecutorial

Which of the following do the authors identify as prosecutorial burdens in all homicide cases?

A) proof that the victim was alive before the homicidal act
B) proof that the victim's death was proximately caused by the defendant
C) proof of ill feelings between the defendant and the victim
D) proof both that the victim was alive and that the victim's death was proximately caused by the defendant