As a Result of John Brown's Raid at Harpers Ferry

As a result of John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry,

A) Southerners realized that extremists like John Brown had no ties to northern abolitionists.
B) Southern slaveholders were incensed.
C) the states of the Upper South seceded from the Union.
D) Southern slaveowners were convinced that a slave uprising could never be successful.
E) Northern moderates formed vigilante committees to ensure civil peace in the southern states.