What Was the Controversial Issue That Gradually United Westerners, Southerners

What was the controversial issue that gradually united westerners, southerners, and some mid-Atlantic citizens into a political coalition that challenged the Federalists and called for a return to the "true principles" of republicanism?

A) a national economic program whose main beneficiaries seemed to some segments of American society to be eastern "moneyed men" and New Englanders who refused to pay their debts
B) the attempt by George Washington to run for a second term even though he had not delivered on his campaign promises
C) John Adams's statement that he should be addressed as one would address a king
D) a breakdown of law and order on the frontier and the suspicion that the Federalists cared only about protecting their investments in the shipping industry
E) the refusal of federalists in Congress to agree to a balanced-budget amendment to the constitution