According to The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, the calculating orientation among Calvinists grew out of

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The calculating orientation among Calvinists grew out of doctrines of this-worldly asceticism and predestination, according to The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber. Calvinists believed in predestination, which meant that God had already determined who would be saved or damned before they were even born. This led them to focus obsessively on their work and worldly success as a sign of their salvation. They practiced asceticism by denying themselves worldly pleasures and living a spartan lifestyle. These attitudes, according to Weber, helped to create an ethos of hard work, self-discipline, and thrift that was conducive to the development of modern capitalism.

According to the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism