In his notion of "symbolic ethnicity," Herbert J.Gans sees ethnicity among Euro-Americans:

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Herbert J. Gans sees ethnicity among Euro-Americans becoming more of a voluntary expression of individual identity. In his theory of symbolic ethnicity, he argues that ethnicity for white Americans becomes more of a personal choice and a way to express heritage and culture, rather than a set of mandatory cultural practices and traditions. This is seen in practices like celebrating St. Patrick's Day or Oktoberfest, where people choose to partake in the festivities as a symbol of their ethnic identity, rather than being required to do so as part of their cultural traditions.

In His Notion of "Symbolic Ethnicity," Herbert J