The family endured great hardships together in the old country but vowed they would always watch out for each other in South Africa.Together they built a thriving business; it was the Muellers against the world.This family's commitment is based on:

Question

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The family's commitment to watch out for each other is based on binding social ties, which are often a characteristic of close-knit families. This is evidenced by their enduring great hardships together and building a thriving business as a team. The other options, such as family control, identification of family members with the business, and renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession, may be relevant factors in other family businesses, but they are not the primary reason for this family's commitment to each other.

The Family Endured Great Hardships Together in the Old Country