What does Simpson's Paradox teach us?
A)The nature of an association can reverse direction when data from several groups are combined to form a single group.
B)Omitting a third variable can mask the true relationship between two categorical variables.
C)It is dangerous to summarize information over groups, especially if the individuals were not randomly assigned to those groups.
D)All of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Simpson's Paradox teaches us that combining data from several groups can reverse the direction of an association between variables, that omitting a third variable can mask the true relationship between two categorical variables, and that summarizing information over groups without random assignment can be dangerous. Therefore, all of the options are correct.

What Does Simpson's Paradox Teach Us