Our perception of the richness, or saturation of a colour is affected mainly by

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The purity of light waves, which refers to how "pure" or uniform a color is, affects the saturation or richness of a color. Colors that are more pure and uniform in appearance will appear more saturated or richer in appearance, while colors that are less pure or mixtures of different wavelengths of light will appear less saturated or muted. The wavelength and amplitude of light waves are more related to the hue and brightness of a color. The term "saturation of light waves" is not a commonly used term in the study of color perception.

Our Perception of the Richness, or Saturation of a Colour