Question 1

Outline the nutrition and exercise strategies associated with promoting health and delaying the onset of chronic diseases across the life cycle.

Accepted Answer

Nutrition and exercise play a crucial role in promoting health and delaying the onset of chronic diseases across the life cycle. Here are some strategies associated with both:

1. Nutrition:
- Eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. This provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that support overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
- Limit the intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and high-fat, high-sodium foods, as these can contribute to the development of chronic conditions such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day, as proper hydration is essential for overall health and can help prevent conditions such as kidney stones and urinary tract infections.

2. Exercise:
- Engage in regular physical activity, including both aerobic exercises (such as walking, running, or swimming) and strength training exercises (such as weightlifting or bodyweight exercises). This helps maintain a healthy weight, improve cardiovascular health, and strengthen muscles and bones.
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week, as recommended by the American Heart Association. This can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer.
- Incorporate flexibility and balance exercises into your routine, as these can help prevent falls and maintain mobility, especially as you age.

By following these nutrition and exercise strategies, individuals can promote their overall health and well-being, and reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases as they progress through the different stages of life. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian to develop a personalized plan that meets individual needs and goals.

Question 2

Explain the philosophy of the nondiet or Health at Every Size (HAES) approach.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of the nondiet or Health at Every Size (HAES) approach is based on the belief that traditional dieting and weight loss methods are not effective or sustainable for long-term health and well-being. Instead of focusing on weight loss, the HAES approach emphasizes intuitive eating, body acceptance, and promoting overall health and well-being regardless of body size.

This approach challenges the societal emphasis on thinness and the idea that weight is the sole determinant of health. It encourages individuals to listen to their bodies, eat in a way that feels nourishing and satisfying, and engage in joyful movement that promotes physical and mental well-being.

The HAES approach also advocates for creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for people of all body sizes, challenging weight-based discrimination and promoting body positivity. It recognizes that health is multifaceted and cannot be determined by weight alone, and that individuals of all sizes deserve access to compassionate and evidence-based healthcare.

Overall, the HAES approach promotes a shift away from weight-focused interventions and towards a more holistic and compassionate approach to health and well-being.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper respiratory tract infection is not a chronic disease; it is an acute illness that usually resolves within a few days to a week. The other options (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis) are all chronic diseases that require ongoing management and treatment.

Question 4

Which of the following is a true statement about physical activity and aging in general?

Accepted Answer

As people age, there is a natural decline in both the total amount of physical activity and the intensity and duration of individual activities. This is due to a variety of factors such as changes in muscle mass, bone density, and joint flexibility, as well as increased risk of injury and chronic health conditions. However, it is still important for older adults to engage in some form of physical activity to maintain overall health and functionality.

Question 5

Briefly explain each chronic disease (obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, lifestyle-related cancers, and osteoporosis) and how diet and exercise influence each.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

A client who is 50 lb overweight and has high blood pressure is discouraged because she has only lost 10 lb of body fat. What effect would a 10-pound loss of body fat likely have on her blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Even a 10-pound loss of body fat can have a significant impact on blood pressure. Losing weight reduces the amount of work the heart has to do to pump blood through the body. Therefore, a 10-pound loss of body fat is likely to lower blood pressure.

Question 7

The nutrition guidelines outlined by various health-related organizations are generally:

Accepted Answer

While there may be some slight variations and nuances, the nutrition guidelines outlined by health-related organizations such as the World Health Organization, the American Heart Association, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics are generally similar in their recommendations for a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and limited amounts of saturated and trans fats, added sugars, and sodium.

Question 8

Discuss the relationship between nutrition and physical activity and lifelong fitness and health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the relationship between nutrition and physical...

Question 9

According to the most recent standards, a person with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg is considered to be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the most recent standards, a...

Question 10

Compare and contrast general diet and exercise recommendations published by various organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast general diet and exercise...

Question 11

Compare and contrast several popular weight-loss plans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast several popular weight-loss plans....

Question 12

Explain the relationship among body weight, fat distribution, and the risk for chronic diseases in men and women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the relationship among body weight, fat...

Question 13

Explain the factors that regulate body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Identify reasons why energy expenditure may decline and weight may be gained as individuals age.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Of the following, which contributes most to causes of death in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Poor diet and lack of exercise contribute to several chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer which are leading causes of death in the United States. Excessive alcohol intake does contribute to deaths but is not as significant as poor diet and lack of exercise. Motor vehicle accidents and microbial agents also contribute to deaths but not as much as poor diet and lack of exercise.

Question 16

According to scientific research, what effect does the DASH diet have on prevention and treatment of high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

According to scientific research, the DASH diet can both prevent and help to treat high blood pressure. It is effective in reducing blood pressure levels even without medication and is recommended by many healthcare professionals.

Question 17

What is "creeping obesity"?

Accepted Answer

Creeping obesity refers to the slow and gradual gain of body fat as a person ages. It is typically caused by a combination of factors such as decreased metabolism, decreased physical activity levels, and changes in hormones.

Question 18

Discuss the process of behavior change.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Studies have shown that regular endurance training:

Accepted Answer

Regular endurance training has been shown to reduce the risk for becoming hypertensive. This is because endurance training can help improve cardiovascular function, including lowering resting blood pressure and improving arterial health.

Question 20

The exercise guidelines outlined by various health-related organizations all recommend:

Accepted Answer

All health-related organizations recommend regular, lifelong physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. While the amount, intensity, and type of physical activity may vary based on individual fitness levels and goals, consistency is key to achieving and maintaining good health.

Quiz 13: Diet and Exercise for Lifelong Fitness and Health