The central argument for free trade has changed a lot in the past two centuries.

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The central argument for free trade, which is that it allows countries to specialize in the production of goods and services they are most efficient at, leading to increased economic efficiency and welfare for all countries involved, has remained largely consistent over the past two centuries. Theories such as Adam Smith's concept of absolute advantage and David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage, both of which support the benefits of free trade, have been foundational and have not changed significantly in their core arguments.

The Central Argument for Free Trade Has Changed a Lot