An illusion of invulnerability and stereotyped views of "enemy" leaders are symptoms of groupthink.

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An illusion of invulnerability and stereotyped views of "enemy" leaders are both classic symptoms of groupthink, a phenomenon identified by social psychologist Irving Janis in the 1970s. Groupthink refers to a situation where a group of people in a decision-making situation become overly focused on consensus and harmony, often at the expense of critical thinking and alternative viewpoints. This can lead to flawed decision-making, particularly in high-stakes situations where dissent and independent thinking are especially important. The illusion of invulnerability arises when group members believe that their group is inherently superior, invincible, or impervious to criticism or outside attack. Stereotyped views of "enemy" leaders refer to simplified and often negative perceptions of other individuals or groups that are seen as opposing the group's goals or interests. Both of these factors can exacerbate groupthink and make it more difficult to achieve good decisions.

An Illusion of Invulnerability and Stereotyped Views of "Enemy" Leaders