All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT
A) an illusion of invulnerability.
B) collective efforts to rationalise or discount warnings.
C) a lack of idea promotion from the group leader.
D) stereotyped views of enemy leaders.
E) direct pressure on members who present contrary views.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Lack of idea promotion from the group leader is not a symptom of groupthink. Instead, a charismatic or directive leader who promotes their own ideas and discourages dissenting opinions can contribute to groupthink. The other options are all symptoms of groupthink.

All of the Following Are Symptoms of Groupthink EXCEPT