Why Did the Population of Jews in Europe Drop from 9.5

Why did the population of Jews in Europe drop from 9.5 million before World War II to less than 2 million today?

A) The creation of Israel caused most Jews to emigrate from Europe to the Middle East.
B) Nazis and their sympathizers murdered approximately six million Jews in the Holocaust.
C) Their birth rates dropped as their urbanization rate increased, and the creation of Israel caused most to emigrate to the Middle East.
D) The vast majority of Jews emigrated to the United States.
E) Their birth rates dropped as rates of urbanization increased.