Match the Definition with the Term

Match the definition with the term.
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A) a technique for problem solving that limits the search space by relying on best guesses and shortcuts
B) in general usage,the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding,and in modern psychology the processing of information between input and output
C) proposed as a new central concept in the analysis of thinking and reasoning,based on the idea that problem solving typically begins with a first test,comparing the present situation with the desired outcome,followed by an operation to reduce the difference,and then another test
D) simple switches that may be in either "on" or "off" states
E) the amount of information that can be conveyed by the open or closed status of a single binary switch (one or zero)