The "publish or perish" ethic,which is a hallmark of the most prestigious U.S.research universities and colleges,is a direct descendant of the 19th-century ____ universities.

Question

The "publish or perish" ethic,which is a hallmark of the most prestigious U.S.research universities and colleges,is a direct descendant of the 19th-century ____ universities.​

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The "publish or perish" ethic originated in German universities in the 19th century, where research was seen as a key component of academic work, and where professors were expected to publish widely in order to advance their careers. This approach was later adopted by American universities, especially in the sciences, and has become a hallmark of modern academic culture. British universities, while also emphasizing research, did not develop the same level of pressure to publish as their German counterparts, and French universities placed more emphasis on teaching than research. Austrian and Russian universities played important roles in the history of science, but did not have the same impact on the development of academic culture as German universities.

The "Publish or Perish" Ethic,which Is a Hallmark of the Most