Brenda has been able to tie her shoes since she was 4. She now finds it difficult to explain to her baby brother how to tie his shoes, but she can easily demonstrate it for him. Brenda's memory for shoe tying is best characterized as a(n) __________ memory.

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Brenda's ability to tie her shoes is a procedural memory, which is a type of nondeclarative or implicit memory that involves the learning of motor skills and habits. The fact that she can demonstrate the skill but may find it difficult to explain indicates that it is an implicit memory that is largely unconscious and automatic. Semantic memory involves general knowledge and facts, while episodic memory involves personal experiences and events. Declarative memory refers to conscious, explicit memories that can be consciously recalled and verbally communicated, which does not apply to Brenda's shoe-tying ability.

Brenda Has Been Able to Tie Her Shoes Since She