Criminal law, as we understand the term today, developed only when the idea of "private vengeance" was replaced by the notion that the entire community was also victimized. From the following list, which points directly apply to what we are describing? (1) "an offense against an individual is also an offense against the public order and the state." (2) "the methods of punishment shall be administered by the state and not solely by the victim." (3) "the protection the law provides theoretically should apply to all citizens, not just particular groups."

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All three points directly apply to the development of criminal law as described. Point 1 emphasizes the shift from individual to communal victimization, point 2 highlights the state's role in administering punishment, and point 3 underscores the universal protection provided by the law, moving away from private vengeance.

Criminal Law, as We Understand the Term Today, Developed Only