Among the several varieties of "prison industries" begun in the 19th century included:

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All three options (contract system, state-use system, and convict leasing) were established as prison industries in the 19th century. The contract system involved private companies contracting with prisons to employ prisoners and use their labor for profit. The state-use system involved prisoners working for the state, producing goods and providing services for government use. Convict leasing involved prisoners being leased out to private companies to work, often under terrible conditions.

Among the Several Varieties of "Prison Industries" Begun in the 19th