Children Confined in the Houses of Refuge Were Subjected to Strict

Children confined in the houses of refuge were subjected to strict discipline and control. It was strongly believed that military principles including unquestioning obedience would add to a youth's training in self control. Which of the following corporal punishments was not utilized to maintain order?

A) Hanging children by their thumbs.
B) Solitary confinement.
C) Tying girls to a chair and dunking her underwater.
D) Using a "ball and chain"
E) All of the above were utilized.