The civil equivalent to the criminal constitutional provision known as double jeopardy, whereby one cannot be tried twice for the same alleged wrong, is known as

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Res judicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the civil equivalent to the criminal constitutional provision of double jeopardy. It prevents a party from bringing a subsequent lawsuit based on the same claim or cause of action that has already been litigated and decided on the merits in a prior lawsuit. This is to promote finality and to prevent a party from harassing another party with repeated litigation over the same issue. Sovereign immunity refers to the concept that the government cannot be sued without its consent. The case and controversy requirement is a constitutional limitation on the federal courts' jurisdiction that requires the existence of an actual dispute between the parties that is capable of judicial resolution. The statute of limitations limits the time within which a party can bring a legal claim.

The Civil Equivalent to the Criminal Constitutional Provision Known as Double