Most internal organized opposition to the church was characterized as:

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Heresy refers to beliefs or practices that deviate from accepted church doctrine. Therefore, any organized opposition to the church would likely be considered heretical in nature. Transubstantiation refers to the belief that the bread and wine of the Eucharist become the actual body and blood of Christ, which was an accepted doctrine of the church. Iconoclasm refers to the destruction or rejection of religious icons, which was a specific issue rather than a general opposition to the church. Orthodoxy refers to adherence to accepted church doctrine and would not apply to organized opposition. Internal opposition to the church was often considered heresy, which means a belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine. The church saw heretical beliefs as a threat to its authority and attempted to suppress them through various means, such as the Inquisition. Transubstantiation and iconoclasm were specific issues within the church's doctrine and practices, and orthodoxy refers to adherence to traditional beliefs and practices rather than opposition to them.

Most Internal Organized Opposition to the Church Was Characterized As