By 1890, most big-city Democratic machines were controlled by:

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By 1890, the majority of big-city Democratic machines were controlled by Irish bosses, who dominated cities like New York, Boston, and Chicago. The Irish had established themselves in American politics in the mid-19th century, and by the 1890s they had become a dominant force within the Democratic Party. Colombian, Italian, and Russian immigrants did not have the same level of political power and influence as the Irish during this time period.

By 1890, Most Big-City Democratic Machines Were Controlled By