The cascade of events that occur with sepsis involves an initial release of TNF and IL, a(n) _____ response, and then a shift to a(n) _____ response

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The release of TNF and IL initiates an inflammatory response, but as sepsis progresses, there is a shift to an anti-inflammatory response. This is known as immune paralysis, where the body's immune system is unable to mount an effective response to the infection. The initial release of TNF and IL triggers an inflammatory response, which is characterized by increased blood flow to the affected area, edema, and leukocyte recruitment. However, if the inflammation is not resolved, it can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. The body then shifts to an anti-inflammatory response in an attempt to prevent further tissue damage. This involves the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, as well as the activation of immune cells such as T regulatory cells. However, if the anti-inflammatory response is prolonged or excessive, it can lead to immune suppression and an increased risk of secondary infections.

The Cascade of Events That Occur with Sepsis Involves an Initial