The term structure of interest rates

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All of the other answer choices are correct. The term structure of interest rates reflects the relationship between different maturities of bonds and their corresponding yields. It is influenced by investors' expectations about inflation and future interest rates, among other factors. The shape of the curve can be upward sloping in normal conditions, but can also be downward sloping if short-term interest rates are higher than long-term rates (known as an inverted yield curve).

The Term Structure of Interest Rates