Unlike tariffs, whose existence is easily observed, many governments imposed NTBs (non-tariff barriers) to protect their domestic market.

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Non-tariff barriers are policies used by governments to restrict trade without raising tariffs. These can include things like quotas, regulations, licenses, and other administrative procedures that make it harder for foreign companies to compete in domestic markets. Because these barriers are often less visible than tariffs, they can be more difficult to identify and measure in trade statistics. Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are regulations, policies, or procedures that pose obstacles to trade but are not in the form of a tariff. Examples of NTBs include import quotas, subsidies, product standards, and licensing requirements. These barriers can be more difficult to identify and quantify compared to tariffs, but they can have a significant impact on global trade. Many governments impose NTBs to protect their domestic markets from foreign competition.

Unlike Tariffs, Whose Existence Is Easily Observed, Many Governments Imposed