In underdeveloped countries, the benefits for an individual family of having children have generally been greater than the costs.

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In underdeveloped countries, children often provide labor for the family and serve as a form of social security in old age. Additionally, there may be cultural or religious expectations for large families. Therefore, the benefits of having children (such as economic support and social status) can outweigh the costs (such as financial burden and lower educational opportunities). In underdeveloped countries, children are often seen as a source of labor and potential caretakers for aging parents, resulting in a higher perceived benefit for having children. Additionally, there may be limited access to contraception and education, leading to higher fertility rates. However, it is important to note that this is a general trend and individual circumstances may vary.

In Underdeveloped Countries, the Benefits for an Individual Family of Having